What words are used for cause and effect?

Cause-and-Effect Linking WordsConjunctions. The most important conjunctions are because, as, since, and so. “ Because”, “as”, and “since” introduce a cause; “so” introduces an effect. Transitions. The most important transitions are therefore, consequently, and as a result. Prepositions. The most important prepositions are due to and because of.

What is +R effect?

+R effect: The +R effect or positive resonance effect is expressed by the electron donating groups (for eg. –NO2, -COOH etc) which withdrwas electrons from the rest of the molecule by delocalization of electrons within the molecule. It results into decrease in the electron density on the rest of the molecule.

Is Mesomeric effect permanent?

Mesomeric Effect: The mesomeric effect is a permanent effect which depends on the substituents or the functional groups in a chemical compound. It is found in chemical compounds containing at least one double bond and another double bond or a lone pair separated by a single bond.

What is positive I Effect?

+I Effect (Positive Inductive Effect) When a chemical species with the tendency to release or donate electrons, such as an alkyl group, is introduced to a carbon chain, the charge is relayed through the chain and this effect is called the Positive Inductive Effect or the +I Effect.

What is plus and minus R effect?

Positive resonance or mesomeric effect (+M or +R): The groups show positive mesomeric effect when they release electrons to the rest of the molecule by delocalization. These groups are denoted by +M or +R. Due to this effect, the electron density on rest of the molecular entity is increased.

What is inductive effect example?

An inductive effect is an electronic effect due to the polarisation of σ bonds within a molecule or ion. Positive inductive effect refers to electron releasing tendency of functional groups. For example, alkyl, aryl, metals, etc. Negative inductive effect refers to electron accepting tendency of functional groups.